Radio interoperability is the ability of different radio systems, devices, or agencies to communicate with one another in real time, even if they operate on different frequencies, networks, or technologies. It ensures seamless communication across VHF, UHF, digital radio, and LTE Push-to-Talk (PTT) platforms during joint operations. In practical terms, radio interoperability allows police, fire, EMS, and civil defence teams to coordinate instantly, without switching devices,